ANNOTATED+BIBLIOGRAPHY

Norfazliana bt Mohamad Kasim

 * 1. Title : Analysis and Modeling of Flooding in Urban Drainage Systems**

Author: **Theo G. Schmitt, Martin Thomas and Norman Ettrich **Journal of Hydrology ,Volume 229,issues 3-4,1 December 2004, Pages 300-311 This article is about the development of an integrated planning and management tool to allow cost effective management for urban drainage systems.The paper outlines the regulatory background of European Standard EN 752 defining flood frequency as the one hydraulic performance criterion.The phenomenon of urban flooding caused by surcharged sewer systems in urban drainage systems is analyzed leading to the necessity of dual drainage modeling. A detailed dual drainage simulation model is described based upon hydraulic flow routing procedures for surface flow and pipe flow. == **1. Title : CITY DRAIN-An Open Source Approach for Simulation of Integrated Urban Drainage System** ==

Author: Stefan Achleitner, Michael Möderl and Wolfgang Rauch [|Environmental Modeling & Software], [|Volume 22, Issue 8], August 2007, Pages 1184-1195 Design procedures of urban drainage systems have shifted from end of pipe design criteria to ambient water quality approaches requiring integrated models of the system for evaluation of measures. Emphasis is an element that gives improvement of the receiving water quality and the overall management of river basins. CITY DRAIN © was developed to serve to pollutants and processes that have a direct and significant influence on the selected impacts need to be described quantitatively, whereas all other processes can be neglected.

=== **3. Title : Landslides and sediment delivery to a drainage system : Some Observation from Hong Kong** === Author : M.R. Peart, K.Y.Ng, and D.D.Zhang Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, Volume 25, issue 5, August 2005, Pages 821-836

The artical show the sediment from a landslide had couses the failure of drainage system thus, resulting the flood. This happend when, Landslides may influence sediment production in small upland previous drainage basins by the direct delivery of material to the channel, subsequent fluvial action on materials exposed in debris trails and erosion as the previous termfailurenext term moves downslope, sometimes to become channelised.Arcodding to Franks,1999, Characteristics of some rainfall-induced landslides on natural slopes. Thus, the proper disign of slope might less the number of failure drainage system.

Muhammad Farhan Bin Abdul Latif.

 * 1. Title: Best Management Practice: A Sustainable Urban Drainage System Management Case Study.**

Author: Miklas Scholz, The University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom Volume 31, Number 3, Pg. 310-319, September 2006

This article is about management practice of sustainable urban drainage system. The case study is at Glasgow. The European Union’s (EU) Water Framework Directive (Council of European Communities, 2000), provide substantial benefits for long term water quality management of water. Based on current guideline (Jefferies et al., 1999; McKissock et al., 1999; CIRIA, 2000) in Glasgow can help prevent combined sewer overflows from spilling untreated sewage into receiving watercourses such as rivers and canals during storms (DEFRA, 2000).


 * 2. Title: Identification of the rainfall-runoff relationship in urban drainage networks.**

Author: Fabio Previdi, Marco Lovera, Stefano Mambretti" Control Engineering Practice 7 (1999) 1489-1504

This article is about conceptual models for the design of urban drainage networks. Their proposed black-box identification method to applied in solving this problem. In fact, the knowledge of the rainfall-runoff relationship is an essential tool in modelling and design of urban drainage networks (Harremoes, Jensen & Johansen, 1984; Dooge, 1977). Increasing urbanization make the drainage becomes larger and larger to prevent all problem like flooding.

3. **Title: An expert system to evaluate the sensitivity of urban areas to the functioning failure of storm drainage networks.**

Author: A. Karnib a,*, J. Al-Hajjar b, D. Boissier c Urban Water 4 (2002) 43–51

This journal shows that many local authorities have invested in drainage network upgrading project. Including to improving the efficiency of drainage networks. Based on MacMurray & Barnett, 1996, the designed that had been build 20-40 years ago can capable to carry only 5 years flow. Nowadays, there is worldwide trend towards extending the urban drainage analysis to major storms with surface flooding happening for 50-year storms. In the case of flooding, damage costs can be very high to do maintenance work. Many upgrading and alternatives can be generated.

Wan Zarriqbar Hakim Bin Wan Hilmi
**1. Title : Full-scale experimentations on alternative materials in roads : Analysis of study practices**

Author : D. Francois, A. Jullien, J.P. Kerzreho and L. Chateau Journal of Waste Management, Volume 29, Issue 3, March 2009, Pages 1076-1083 This article analysed on the alternative materials used in road construction, which in turn determine the use of different means and study methods. The evolution of the material status is described through its various preparation stages prior to use. The research describe about general information of materials, structure and external factors of the road.


 * 2. Title : Subsurface Drainage System Design and Drain Water Quality**

Author : Mark E. Grismer J. Irrig. and Drain. Engrg, 119, 537 (1993); doi:10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9437(1993)119:3(537) Issue Date : May/June 1993

The journal describes about the subsurface drainage systems in regions with poor-quality, shallow ground water collect water that potentially may have adverse affects on the environment. Traditional subsurface drainage system design procedures do not consider the water-quality aspects associated with the depth and spacing of drains in a particular hydrogeologic setting. Field drainage studies considered by Gilliom (1988) show sand layers at depth of 6-12 m of land surface that influence ground-water patterns. Preliminary efforts made by Grismer (1989) to examines the drain depth and artesian aquifer pressure head on drainage efficiency and drain water quality for the clay-over-fine-sand field described by Tod (1989) showed no clear trends between drainage efficiency and drain water quality.


 * 3. Title : New Approach for Optimization of Urban Drainage Systems**

Author : Guiyi Li and Robert G. S. Matthew J. Envir. Engrg. Volume 116, Issue 5, pp. 927-944 (September 1990) Issue Date : September 1990

The article describes about a new approach for the optimization of urban drainage systems including the optimal selection of layout using the searching method and the optimal design of a given layout by Discrete Differential Dynamic Programming (DDDP) is developed. A program titled Sanitary Sewer Design (SSD) is a heuristic program that attempts to find the least costly design of a sanitary sewer network or pipeline (Drew P. Desher and Patrick K. Davis). The optimization of urban drainage systems including optimal layout selection can achieve much greater construction cost savings than that without the inclusion of layout optimization. It has also been demonstrated that the minimum buried depth design is not the global optimum design; instead, the global optimum design is the alternative of the optimal balance among the buried depth and the number and locations of on-line pumping stations.